What is Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that aims to relieve pain and improve function in individuals with severe knee joint damage or chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis. In this article, we will explore the reasons for knee replacement surgery, the surgical process, recovery, and potential benefits and risks associated with the procedure.

Reasons for Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement surgery is typically recommended for individuals who experience significant pain and disability due to conditions such as:

• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that causes the cartilage in the knee joint to wear away.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that affects the joints, causing inflammation and damage.
• Post-traumatic arthritis: Arthritis that develops after a severe knee injury or fracture.
• Knee deformities: Certain knee deformities, such as bowing or knock-knees, that cause pain and interfere with daily activities.
• Failure of previous treatments: When conservative treatments such as medication, physical therapy, and assistive devices no longer provide adequate relief.

The Knee Replacement Surgical Process

Knee replacement surgery involves several key steps:

1. Anesthesia: The patient is administered either general anesthesia to induce sleep or regional anesthesia to numb the lower body.
2. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision to access the knee joint.
3. Reshaping of damaged bone and cartilage: The damaged portions of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shinbone) are removed and shaped to fit the artificial components.
4. Implant placement: The artificial joint components, including the metal femoral component, metal and plastic tibial component, and plastic patellar component, are securely implanted.
5. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples.

Recovery from Knee Replacement Surgery

Recovery from knee replacement surgery involves a period of rehabilitation and healing. Here are some key aspects:

• Hospital stay: Patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days following surgery for monitoring and initial recovery.
• Pain management: Medications are prescribed to manage post-operative pain.
• Physical therapy: Rehabilitation exercises and physical therapy help restore knee strength, flexibility, and mobility.
• Assistive devices: Initially, crutches or a walker may be necessary to aid mobility. Gradually, the use of assistive devices is reduced.
• Follow-up appointments: Regular follow-up visits with the surgeon are scheduled to monitor progress and address any concerns.